Autism And Its Effects On Children - 1228 Words

How many of you have brothers, sisters, cousins, friends, or anyone that you know has autism or that have been diagnosed with autism? Many people have this throughout the world, but some people don’t know what they can do about autism because the question is what can they do to help them? How can they help them? Today, rates of autism found in children have increased over the past few decades. However, doctors and scientists do not know what the causes of this mental illness are? Some common assumptions that are considered causes of autism are found through genetics, environmental factors, or when the child is first diagnosed with autism or ASD. â€Å"According to a MIT computer scientist with no background in agriculture, genetics, or epidemiology, half the country’s children will be born with autism by 2020s because of the increased genetically modified crops.† (Suresh 4). In the early 1960s up until today, autism has gradually increased within the number of reports and diagnoses of children. As scientists and doctors continue their research of the increases in autism cases, the more children became diagnosed with this illness. Autism is known as a â€Å"medical puzzle† because throughout the decades numerous studies and research were done on children to see if they the diagnosis were accurate. â€Å"Traditionally, autism is diagnosed with behavioral tests that assess whether kids are meeting developmental milestones, such as talking, interacting with their parents and siblings, andShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Autism On Children With Autism3085 Words   |  13 PagesWhat is autism? To some people it can mean many different things. Autism Spectrum Disorders are a range of intense developmental disorders that can cause problems with an individuals’ thinking, feeling, language, and the ability to relate to others. Autism is a neurologica l disorder which means that it affects the functioning of the brain. (â€Å"Autism Spectrum Disorders† n.d). Some symptoms of autism may include repetitive body movements and communicating with gestures instead of words. Others are intenseRead MoreAutism And Its Effects On Children1205 Words   |  5 PagesWhat is Autism? Autism also specified as Autistic Spectrum Disorder, ASD, Pervasive Developmental Disorder (PDD), Childhood Autism (ICD-10), Autistic Disorder (DSM-IV), Atypical Autism (ICD-10), PDD not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS), Asperger Syndrome†¨(ICD- 10)/Asperger Disorder (DSM-IV), is a series of developmental disabilities that cause substantial impairments in social interaction, as well as difficulties in nonverbal interactions and behavioral challenges. From the early 1900s, autism has beenRead MoreAutism And Its Effects On Children2153 Words   |  9 PagesAutism is a disorder that affects millions of people with the number increasing with each passing yea r. Compared to other development disorders, autism today is still widely undiscovered with several holes. It is an important developmental disorder that everyone should understand because most people either know someone personally with autism or have come in contact with an individual who has autism. Knowing about how autism works can allow the world to help those with autism and know how to interactRead MoreThe Effects Of Autism On Children With Autism857 Words   |  4 PagesOutcome-focused research shows that only 25% of people with Autism are employed. This statistic is especially concerning, when the generally high academic and creative ability of many adults with Autism is considered. This review evaluates three categories of parental factors, demographic, psychological, and behavioral, to determine what effect, if any, they may have on the work participation outcomes for adults diagnosed with Autism. Using studies of various methodologies and populations, only oneRead MoreEf fects Of Autism On Children With Autism Essay865 Words   |  4 Pages For people with Autism, explain what we mean by the phrase â€Å"difficulty relating to others socially,† and give an example. The phrase â€Å"difficulty relating to others socially† is correlated with people with Autism often. This is because those with Autism often struggle with â€Å"communicating with others, interpreting verbal and nonverbal interactions, [and] making friends† (Salend 98). It can also be noted that students who have Autism â€Å"may try to communicate their desires and needs via their behaviors†Read MoreAutism And Its Effects On Children1097 Words   |  5 PagesAutism A heart attack, a stroke or a cancer diagnosis causes its members to confront the impact of the illness and re-evaluate their position. These illnesses are often life threatening, but critical intervention leads to a steady rehabilitation and possibly full recovery. This cannot be said, for a family impacted by a diagnosis of autism. Autism is a developmental disability that significantly affects three areas: communication, social interaction, and behavior. Autism being a spectrum disorderRead MoreThe Effects Of Music On Children With Autism1476 Words   |  6 Pagespeople are becoming aware of the problem of autism. With the overall number of children effected with autism increasing everyday, there is a panic to find a solution to better treatment and therapy. As a result, the costs of autism care could reach an all time high of well over one hundred billion dollars. Without proper research this number could rise even more. Therefore, there is a need for better groundwork to bring the predicted cost of autism care down. To assure that the explorartionRead MoreEffects Of Autism On Children With Autism Spectrum Diseases1073 Words   |  5 Pages Autism Spectrum disorder is described as a disorder that will disable people for communication and social interaction. They will have repetitive behaviors and also will have difficultly learning, reacting to things or paying attention. If there is an early intervention of this disorder treatment can be manageable. Scientist believe that genetic is the major cause of autism and there is a high chance of children to get autism if their sibling is already suffering from autism. Autism was discoveredRead MoreThe Effects Of Mild Autism On Children1484 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Mild autism can give you a genius like Einstein. If you have severe autism, you could remain nonverbal. You don t want people to be on the severe end of the spectrum. But if you got rid of all the autism genetics, you wouldn t have science or art. All you would have is a bunch of social yak yaks’, Temple Grandin. (Grandin, 2013) Born on August 29, 1947, Temple Grandin was diagnosed with autism as a young child. As Temple grew, she began pursuing work in psychology as well as animal scienceRead MoreThe Effects Of Autism On Children And Adults Essay1706 Words   |  7 Pages Autism AP 226 BD 12/06/2016 Elizabeth Kimbrough â€Æ' Imagine how you would feel not being able to express yourself, or not being understood by others. Think of all the struggles you may go through. This is how many children and adults that are living with Autism feel today. Autism is a serious disease that needs a cure to better the lives of children and adults. Autism is the fastest growing disability in the United States. There are many questions being asked about Autism. Is there a cure for Autism

Diabetes Mellitus ( Dm ) Is A Metabolic Disorder That...

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder that affects the body’s metabolism of carbohydrate, fat, and protein. The result is hyperglycemia secondary to defective insulin secretion, insulin action, or both (Dunphy, Winland-Brown, Porter, Thomas, 2015). Describe the underlying pathophysiological differences between Type 1 and Type 2 DM. Type 1 diabetes (T1D) results from a T cell-mediated autoimmune destruction of the beta cells of the pancreas. The destruction of the beta cells ultimately leads to insulin deficiency. Beta cells autoimmunity is triggered by a combination of genetic and environmental factors (Huether Mccance, 2012). According to Dean and McEntyre (2004), the most important genes that contribute to T1D are located in the HLA genes. Apparently, there are many different alleles (variations) of the HLA genes, each of which is given a particular number. However, certain alleles (i.e., HLA-DQ, HLA-DR3, and HLA-DR4, HLA-DR9, etc) increase the probability that immune cells will attack the body s beta cells. More specifically, HLA genes encode two main classes of proteins (class I and II) called major histocompatibility complex (MHC). MHC I and MHC II present proteins (antigens) to the immune system (T cells). If the immune system recognizes the chains as foreign, it responds by triggering the cell to self-destruct. Beta cell loss of 80% to 90% causes absolute insulin deficiency, which leads to hyperglycemia and T1D. According to evidence, genes thatShow MoreRelatedDiabetes Environmental Factors That Affect It A genetic disorder called Diabetes affects nearly600 Words   |  3 PagesDiabetes Environmental Factors That Affect It A genetic disorder called Diabetes affects nearly 25.8 million people in the U.S. alone [2]. This disease is a metabolic disorder caused by the lack of production of insulin in the body or lack of the body’s use of insulin. The body produces insulin to help our digestive system break down carbohydrates (sugars and starches) and turns them into sugars that will enter the bloodstream [1]. If there is not enough insulin produced by your body then theRead MoreDiabetes : The Common Chronic Disorders1737 Words   |  7 PagesINTRODUCTION: Diabetes is one of the most common chronic disorders in UK [1]. According to Silverman, more than 2.6 million people in UK are diabetic as according to data collected from GP practices and more than 5 million obese people are registered to GP practices. So One in ten people are getting treatment for obesity and one in 20 are getting treatment for diabetes [2]. It is estimated that more than 5% men and more than 4% women in England are found to have diagnosed diabetes. While, 3% menRead MorePathophysiology Of Type II Non Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus1575 Words   |  7 PagesNon-Insulin Dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM): Type II Non-insulin dependent diabetes is the most common. It often occurs in older adults, patients who are overweight, and patient with metabolic disorders. It can happen at any age though. The tissues in the body have built some resistance to insulin. The insulin levels in these patients can vary from low to high and can also be normal. You might be at risk of developing Non-insulin dependent diabetes if you have a family history diabetes, being obese,Read MoreNeeds Artificial Insulin3758 Words   |  16 Pagesblood sugar? Indeed, that is correct, but such a response is a bit like saying Mozart? Wasnt he some kind of a musician? Insulin is a key player in the control of intermediary metabolism. It has profound effects on both carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, and significant influences on protein and mineral metabolism. Consequently, derangements in insulin signaling have widespread and devastating effects on many organs and tissues. To our surprise, insulin was the first hormone identified (lateRead MoreA Brief Note On Diabetes Mellitus Type 12221 Words   |  9 PagesAbstract Diabetes mellitus type 1 (type 1 DM) was first documented following recognizable reports in the second half of 19th century. More common in children and young adults, it results from the autoimmune annihilation of the beta cells that produce insulin in the pancreas. Consequently, glucose and blood in the urine increase due to the absence of, or reduced amount, of insulin. Symptoms include increased hunger, frequent urination, weight loss and increased thirst. Presently, the cause remainsRead MoreDiabetes Mellitus : A Disorder That Affects The Amount Of Sugar2073 Words   |  9 PagesDiabetes mellitus is a disorder that affects the amount of sugar in the blood. There are many types of sugar 2 simpler sugars are called glucose and fructose. Pathophysiology begins when the body does not produce enough insulin to move the glucose into the cell or if the cell stops responding normally to insulin, that resulting increase levels of glucose in the blood and adequate amount of glucose in th e cells together produce the symptoms and complications of diabetes. There are two types of diabetesRead MoreThe General Symptoms of Diabetes Mellitus Essay3167 Words   |  13 PagesA person suffer from diabetes mellitus has high blood sugar if left untreated. Explain diabetes, blindness and kidney failure Diabetes Definition and diagnostic criteria for diabetes mellitus. Nowadays many people, especially in the developed nations though not solely, suffer from diabetes. American Diabetes Association (2014) had studied that diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic disorders and which reveal themselves by causing problems in insulin action/-secretion or both and resultsRead MoreCase Study Endocrine Essay6536 Words   |  27 PagesI. INTRODUCTION Diabetes is a chronic condition involving glucose in the blood. It is caused  by a problem in the way the body makes or uses insulin. Insulin, a hormone that is necessary for glucose to move from the blood to the inside of the cells. The body cannot use the insulin for energy if it cannot get into the cells. Diabetes occurs when the body has too much  blood glucose due to either the pancreas does not produce enough insulin or the body cannot effectively use the insulin produced. InRead MoreCoping with Chronic Illness2699 Words   |  11 Pagesstrategies with chronic illness. o The magnitude of chronic illness in Egypt. o Theories of caring in relation to chronic illness. o Effect of chronic illness on patient and relatives. o Health promotion strategies. 2. Definition of diabetes. 3. Types of diabetes. 4. Sign symptoms. 5. Causes. 6. Risk factors. 7. Anatomy and physiology of pancreas. 8. Case study. ïÆ' ¼ Demographic data. ïÆ' ¼ Past history of: ï‚ § Patient ï‚ § Family ïÆ' ¼ Lab investigations. ïÆ' ¼ Drugs. ïÆ' ¼ Nursing care plan. ïÆ' ¼ HealthRead MoreIntroduction to Diseases10781 Words   |  44 PagesDate: 18th January, 2013 H.S.B Project: DISEASES Teacher: †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. INTRODUCTION The difference between good health and disease is that health is the level of functional or metabolic efficiency of a living being. In  humans, it is the general condition of a  persons mind, body and spirit, usually meaning to be free from  illness,  injury  or  pain  (as in â€Å"good health† or â€Å"healthy†) whiles a disease  is an  abnormal  condition affecting

The Effects of Parenting Styles on Children Free Essays

There are many ideas and opinions on how to raise children and how to be a â€Å"good parent. † Often, parents get advice on how to parent from their own parents, from their close friends, and even experts. There are three main types of parenting styles: authoritarian parenting, permissive parenting, and authoritative parenting. We will write a custom essay sample on The Effects of Parenting Styles on Children or any similar topic only for you Order Now Authoritative parenting is a parenting style characterized by strict rules, harsh punishments and little warmth. Permissive parenting is characterized by parents who are responsive to their children, but lack rules and discipline. Authoritative parenting is characterized by parents who hold high expectations and set clear guidelines, but are responsive and loving to their children. Parenting styles determine the behaviour of children. The most effective parenting style, the authoritative style, can help lead to positive outcomes for children. It is significant to know what impact each parenting style has on a child’s behaviour due to certain parenting styles having a negative effect, and certain styles having positive and healthy effects on a child’s behaviour. A national longitudinal survey was conducted by Social Development Canada and Statistics Canada that observed over 4,100 children over a eight year period. The results supported many of research psychologist, Diana Baumrind’s, findings. This included, that an authoritarian parenting style lead to children who are obedient, competent, good at following rules; but they lack in self-esteem, social skills and happiness, and were more likely to be aggressive. An authoritative parenting style, results in children that are balanced, competent, successful, and happy. Lastly, a permissive parenting style resulted in children having poor academic records and they were more likely to clash with authorities. Diana Baumrind believes that: While it is unreasonable to expect any parent capable of committing to one style and never deviating from it, having an end result in mind – what kind of person you want your child to become and what type of relationship you want to have with them – can provide the extra motivation and reasoning behind your choice of parenting style and disciplinary strategies. (Smith, 2011, www. suite101. om) This is a very good suggestion for parents because if one truly looks into how they want their child to turn out, they will probably want them to be happy, responsible, competent, social, successful, and balanced, and they will realize that there is a way to achieve that. This would be achievable by them being a role model for their children, showing them a prime example of who they should look up to. An authorita tive parenting style is a balance of setting rules, giving love, but at the same time letting children know that the parent is in charge. An article about how parenting styles impact children states: Balanced (Authoritative) parents:†¢ Guide their children’s activities explaining why rules are important †¢ Consider their child’s point of view when they refuse to behave as requested. In this way, the parent is accepting of their child’s individuality while setting standards for future behaviour †¢ Keep communication open and clear†¢ Enforce consistent consequences (Bornstein, 2007, www. ealthunit. com) This is a true method of balanced parenting, according to Rick Trinkner, a doctoral candidate at University of new Hampshire, he suggests, â€Å"Our data offers further evidence that the authoritative parenting style is an effective way for parents to successfully socialize their children and that its influence works largely through its effect on youth perceptions of parental legitimacy† (Wyman, 2012, www. howtolearn. com). The references above, show that the authoritative parenting style is the best way to raise a child. A disadvantage when researching the effect that parenting styles have on child behaviour is that some parents may deny that the result of their child’s behaviour is due to their parenting style. It could also offend some parents if it were said, for example, that their child is unhappy and aggressive because of their authoritarian parenting style. Although surveys and observations have been done on this subject, and that there is research to prove that parenting styles do have an effect on a child’s behaviour, everyone always has their own opinions, and may not agree with this research. References Bornstein L, Bornstein MH. (2007). Parenting styles and child social development. In Tremblay RE, Barr RG, Peters RDeV, eds. Encyclopedia on Early Childhood Development [online]. Montreal, Quebec: Centre of Excellence for Early Childhood Development. Smith, L. (2011). Parenting Styles: Authoritarian, Authoritative and Permissive. In Parenting Methods [online. ] Retrieved Monday, October 15th, 2012, from http://suite101. com/article/parenting-styles-authoritarian-authoritative-and-permissive-a361151. Wyman, P. (2012). How Your Parenting Style Affects Your Child’s Behaviour. In Articles [online. ] Retrieved Monday, October 15th, 2012, from http://www. howtolearn. com/2012/02/how-your-parenting-style-affects-your-childs-behavior. How to cite The Effects of Parenting Styles on Children, Papers

Legal Aspects of International Trade and Enterprise ASE

Question: Discuss about theLegal Aspects of International Trade and Enterprisefor ASE. Answer: Overview of Company and Industry Western Australian farmers cooperative was established in 1914 as cooperative for providing services and products to western Australian farmers. The same got listed on ASE in 1984 and took form of a major retail conglomerate. Wesfarmers operate in three industries Chemical, Energy and Fertilizers; Safety into Industrials division and Resources. The main objective of each industry is to recognize the growth in the scale of the group. Capabilities have been presented by all the operations which are group in Chemical in both domestic and international markets. The value of fertilizer industry to Australian economy is of great importance as the value additions provides boost to the agriculture sector. It is continuously growing in accordance with demand of the season. The main issue faced by this industry is that approx 20% of acre cropping industries have been declined along with 2/3 of grazing industries. The same factors have affected the company to a major extent. Wesfarmers resource s are one of the significant export miners, with investment in two-world scale open cut coal mines. It includes Curragh mine in Queens land Bowen Basin and 40% interest in Bengalla mine in Hunter Valley of New South Wales. The company operates in areas such as supermarket; liquor; home improvement; energy and fertilizers; office supplies; hotel and convenience stores and industrial and safety products coal. Coles provides services relating to supermarket and also provide services through online stores through which services are provided all the time with an ease. In 2016 total revenue of $66,216,000,000 was earned including sales and revenue. It has 220000 employees in Australia comprising employees under all the subsidiaries under companys control. The countries in which company operates are Australia, Bangladesh, Ireland, New Zealand and United Kingdom. The headquarter of company is in Australia at 40 The Esplanade Perth, Western Australia. Regular Framework Affecting the Company International Law It can be said as a body of rules and norms for the activities that are carried outside the legal boundaries of a state (Badescu, 2016). Generally three international relationships are governed under this i.e.: Between states and states. Between states and person. Between persons and persons. International tribunals generally are treat municipal law as subservient to international law and make efforts for bringing municipal law in compliance with international norms. In most of the countries customary international law is adopted in accordance with the doctrine of incorporation. In any situation, once municipal courts determine that international law is to be applied to a specific case than the same is treated as a law and not fact. According to the views of Buckley and Casson (2016) MEAs are important environmental standards applicable to multinational corporations and that too are dependent on national laws. In case any MNC fails to apply required law on a local level the same would be liable for state liability and government is having power to impose strong stimulus on polluters. General absence of provisions relating to international environment liability is reflected by assessing the failure in including provision relating to liability for most major multilateral environment agreements between countries. The growth of international environmental law is treated as separate area of public international law from 1970 with Stockholm Conference on the Environment in 1972. The main objective behind the same was to emphasize adequate environmental responsibility on multinational corporations. Therefore, for renouncement from future legal obligation is a precondition for MNCs for ensuring a stable investment environment (Cavusgi and et.al. 2014). OECD The organisation of Economic Co-operation and Development was established in 1961 for providing a platform through which government can work together in order to share experience and resolve the common problems. According to its provisions enterprises should act within the framework of laws, regulations and policies in the countries in which they are operating (Dunning, 2014). For considering the relevant international agreements, objectives and principals companies are required to protect environmental, health and safety of general public for operating activities in order to contribute for a wider goal of sustainable environment. The specific norms which have to be followed by multinational companies are: It is necessary that an enterprise should contribute to environmental, economic and social progress with the object of achieving sustainable development. Encourage development of human capital through providing facilities and opportunities relating to employees (Hamilton and Webster, 2015). Make effort to refrain from discriminatory actions against workers who inform the practices adopted by organisation contravening the applicable law to management or other authorities. Developing plans for preventing, mitigating and controlling serious damage to environmental due to their operations comprising policies for immediate reporting for competent authorities. While addressing decision of the company, the foreseeable environmental, safety and health relating impacts evolved with the procedures and operations of company should be considered during their full life cycle with a view of avoiding them (Hufbauer, Jung, Moran and Vieiro, 2015). Impact of International Law on Wesfarmers Australias anti-dumping provisions have not been used by the company for protection against legitimate import competition. In case the same was being followed by company consumer price as well as business input cost would have increased but as proposal for reverse the onus has been given; the same represent that the importer is obliged to prove that dumping is not occurring. The same also prove that the provisions are not in contrary with the rules of World Trade Organization. Generally, GST of 10% is paid over most of the goods but on the goods which are exported outside Australia; no GST is paid and even the company are having right to claim credit for the GST which have been included in the purchase price of goods and services. The same benefit is availed by the company in case the goods are exported to the other international stores. However, the same benefit is available only if the goods are exported within 60 days. The company has prepared its books of accounts in accordance with Corporation Act 2001, AAS and pronouncements of AASB and International Financial Reporting Standards issues by IASB for complying with the provision of international law (Annual Report. Wesfarmers, 2016). Treaties, Conventions or Agreement Impacted Products and Services of Multinational Companies Existing tax treaties have provided a good measure of protection against double taxation and avoidance of fiscal evasion. The new bilateral tax treaty have been completely amended and revised current existed treaty through which improved integrity measures will be achieved. As per the views of Kaczorowska (2015), it has been specifically revised in areas like updated rules for exchange information relating to taxation and anti-avoidance and particularly limitation of benefits rule. Due to the renegotiated treaty effective outcome will be provided to stake holders and the same would contribute to Australia ageing treaty network. Corporate Tax A company is resident in Australia for the purpose of income tax purpose in following cases: Incorporated in Australia. Control management from Australia and carries on business in Australia or in other country An Australia corporate has to pay 30% general corporate tax for its worldwide assessable income (Lloyd, 2014). Taxation of Foreign Arrangements These are the measures which specify the manner in which foreign exchange gain and loss are evaluated and provide details relating to strict timing rules for ascertaining when foreign exchange gains and losses are to be recognised for the purpose of tax purpose (Mingst and Arregun, 2013). Environmental Law: State and Territories are mostly responsible for regulation and management of natural resources, pollution, and land used and developed State and Territories are mostly responsible for regulation and management of natural resources, pollution, land used and developed and cultural heritage. The authorities are having power for investigation and remediation of contaminated sites. According to Picciotto (2017), even severe penalties and compensations are imposed on the organisations, directors and employees for pollution as well as contamination offences. Provisions are also available for organizations which have made attempt to destruct native fauna and native vegetation as the same is prohibited on private land. Regulation of subdivisions relating to commercial industries, building construction and other areas are available in State legislation and the same is compulsory to be followed by all the corporations including MNCs. Other Provisions Enterprise should not contribute to adverse affect on matters covered by OECD guidelines; through their own activities and in case any such impact occurs, it should be addressed appropriately (Radebaugh, 2014). An effort should be made by organisations for mitigating negative impact which is directly related to operation, services and products provided by organisation or through business relationships (Roberts and et.al. 2016). As per the views of Subedi (2016), it is necessary that organisation ensure appropriate information disclosure relating to material matters relating to structure, financial position, ownership and governance. The information should be provided in accordance with the nature, size location and by considering business confidentiality and other competitive concerns. Impact of these Conventions and Policies on Product and Services of company Wesfarmers have contributed and promoted international best practices and principles relating to competition policy provided in Business Council of Australia. The purpose of competition law is to protect competition for the benefit of customer. The company is a diverse group of companies which thrive on competition, thus the same support those competitive policies and not protect the business from competition (SUSTAINABILITY REPORT. Wesfarmers, 2016). Ethical sourcing audit program has been adopted by the company for the purpose of mitigating risk relating to unethical practices occurring in procedure followed for goods and services provided by it. Bunnings material ethical sourcing is relating to acquiring sustainable timber and wood products (Submission from Wesfarmers to Competition Policy Review Issue Paper, 2014). It has been made sure that all the products are confirmed as originated from low risk sources comprising plantation, verified legal or certified responsible source for est. All the timber products have been sourced from independently verified forest. The same are verified from Forest Stewardship Council and PEFC. The criterion which is being adopted by Boards assessment of independence for ascertaining materiality of facts is in regard with ASX principals. The same is being applied in correspondence with Australia Accounting Standards and International corporate governance standard. The main focus is made by the company on sustainability in ethical sourcing and the same is done through increasing transparency of products across the supply chain of product whether domestic or international. The company is aware regarding the importance of environment and the critical efforts which are being made for reducing the greenhouse gas emissions. Some of the business is actively evolved in managing contaminated sites and the company indulge the remediation of those contaminated sites which were owned by Wesfarmers. Management appropriately monitors compliance with the risk management system and processes on a continuous basis for assessing the effectiveness in the system. The Coles Farm program is made available for the customers and suppliers so that it can improve accessibility and monitor environmental operations and support best- practices relating to farming. The company has adopted policies for reducing environmental impact for due to the store system of organisation though energy efficiency initiatives, waste diversion. The environmental responsibilities are appropriately understood by the office works. The same is operated beyond the products are being dispatched from the stores by continuing the circular economy by performing recycling programs. It can be accessed through analysing the increase in no. of printer cartridges from fifty thousand to approximately ninety eight thousand. Improvement has also been done by the management in energy efficiency by rollout of LED lighting in additional forty stores. Continuous improvement programs have been upgraded for reducing the overall impact of operations on the environment. Preference has been given to hundred percent recycled content which assures that wood products are used to the minimum extent. For reducing the impact of organisation on environment investment is done in the resources so that energy consumption can be reduced. Efforts are made to increase in the volume of waste recycled in the stores and even customers are encouraged to recycle to t he maximum extent. All the conventions and provision relating to environment has been followed by the company and the same has been appropriately reported in the sustainability report. References Books and Journal Badescu, V.S., 2016. European Business Law Challenges in the Global Economy. Knowledge Horizons. Economics, 8(1),P.164. Buckley, P.J. and Casson, M., 2016. The future of the multinational enterprise. Springer. Cavusgil S.T. and et.al. 2014. International business. Pearson Australia. Dunning, J.H., 2014. The Globalization of Business (Routledge Revivals): The Challenge of the 1990s. Routledge. Hamilton, L. and Webster, P., 2015. The international business environment. Oxford University Press, USA. Hufbauer, G.C., Jung, E., Moran, T. and Vieiro, M., 2015. The OECD's' Action Plan'to Raise Taxes on Multinational Corporations. Kaczorowska-Ireland, A., 2015. Public international law. Routledge. Lloyd, I., 2014. Information technology law. Oxford University Press, USA. Mingst, K.A. and Arregun-Toft, I.M., 2013. Essentials of International Relations: Sixth International Student Edition. WW Norton Company. Picciotto, S. 2017. Taxing multinational enterprises as unitary firms. Radebaugh, L.H., 2014. Environmental factors influencing the development of accounting objectives, standards and practices in Peru. The international Journal of Accounting Education and Research. Urbana, 11(1). Pp.39-56. Roberts, P., Sykes, H. and Granger, R. eds., 2016. Urban regeneration. Sage. Subedi, S.P., 2016. International investment law: reconciling policy and principle. Bloomsbury Publishing. Online Annual Report. Wesfarmers. 2016. [PDF]. Available through https://www.wesfarmers.com.au/docs/default-source/reports/2016-annual-report.pdf. [Accessed on 27th April 2017] SUSTAINABILITY REPORT. Wesfarmers. 2016. [PDF] Available through https://sustainability.wesfarmers.com.au/media/1835/edited-extract-of-wesfarmers-2016-sustainability-report.pdf. [Accessed on 27th April 2017] Submission from Wesfarmers to Competition Policy Review Issue Paper. 2014. [PDF]. Available throughttps://competitionpolicyreview.gov.au/files/2014/06/Wesfarmers_Limited. . [Accessed on 27th April 2017]