Diabetes Mellitus ( Dm ) Is A Metabolic Disorder That...

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder that affects the body’s metabolism of carbohydrate, fat, and protein. The result is hyperglycemia secondary to defective insulin secretion, insulin action, or both (Dunphy, Winland-Brown, Porter, Thomas, 2015). Describe the underlying pathophysiological differences between Type 1 and Type 2 DM. Type 1 diabetes (T1D) results from a T cell-mediated autoimmune destruction of the beta cells of the pancreas. The destruction of the beta cells ultimately leads to insulin deficiency. Beta cells autoimmunity is triggered by a combination of genetic and environmental factors (Huether Mccance, 2012). According to Dean and McEntyre (2004), the most important genes that contribute to T1D are located in the HLA genes. Apparently, there are many different alleles (variations) of the HLA genes, each of which is given a particular number. However, certain alleles (i.e., HLA-DQ, HLA-DR3, and HLA-DR4, HLA-DR9, etc) increase the probability that immune cells will attack the body s beta cells. More specifically, HLA genes encode two main classes of proteins (class I and II) called major histocompatibility complex (MHC). MHC I and MHC II present proteins (antigens) to the immune system (T cells). If the immune system recognizes the chains as foreign, it responds by triggering the cell to self-destruct. Beta cell loss of 80% to 90% causes absolute insulin deficiency, which leads to hyperglycemia and T1D. According to evidence, genes thatShow MoreRelatedDiabetes Environmental Factors That Affect It A genetic disorder called Diabetes affects nearly600 Words   |  3 PagesDiabetes Environmental Factors That Affect It A genetic disorder called Diabetes affects nearly 25.8 million people in the U.S. alone [2]. 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